Cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) are serine/threonine kinases and their catalytic activities
are modulated by interactions with cyclins and Cdk inhibitors (CKIs). Close cooperation …

The mechanisms responsible for the antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects of the
anthracycline antibiotics doxorubicin (Adriamycin®) and daunorubicin (daunomycin) have …

Cancer cells acquire distinct metabolic adaptations to survive stress associated with tumour
growth and to satisfy the anabolic demands of proliferation. The tumour suppressor protein …

More potent targeting of the androgen receptor (AR) in advanced prostate cancer is driving
an increased incidence of neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), an aggressive and …

The retinoblastoma protein (pRb) acts to constrain the G1-S transition in mammalian cells.
Phosphorylation of pRb in G1 inactivates its growth-inhibitory function, allowing for cell cycle …

Most cells cannot divide indefinitely due to a process termed cellular or replicative
senescence. Replicative senescence appears to be a fundamental feature of somatic cells …

p21 inhibits cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activity and proliferating cell nuclear antigen
(PCNA)-dependent DNA replication by binding to CDK/cyclin complexes and to PCNA …

Human diploid fibroblasts lose the capacity to proliferate and enter a state termed replicative
senescence after a finite number of cell divisions in culture. When treated with sub-lethal …

Normal cells do not divide indefinitely due to a process known as replicative senescence.
Human cells arrest growth with a senescent phenotype when they acquire one or more …

The vast majority of breast cancers are carcinomas that arise from mammary epithelial cells
(MECs). One of the key early events in tumorigenic transformation is the ability of cells to …