Powder bed fusion (PBF) is a 3D printing method that selectively consolidates powders into
3D objects using a power source. PBF has various derivatives; selective laser …

Spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) is a spectroscopic technique that allows for the
non-invasive chemical characterization of diffusely scattering materials, ranging from …

Pharmaceutical solid dosage forms (tablets or capsules) are the predominant form to
administer active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) to the patient. Tablets are typically …

Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) may exist in various solid forms, which can lead to
differences in the intermolecular interactions, affecting the internal energy and enthalpy, and …

Conventional administration of drugs is limited by poor water solubility, low permeability,
and mediocre targeting. Safe and effective delivery of drugs and therapeutic agents remains …

Raman spectroscopy (RS) is a spectroscopic method which indirectly measures the
vibrational states within samples. This information on vibrational states can be utilized as …

Infrared (IR; or mid-infrared, MIR; 4000-400 cm− 1; 2500–25,000 nm) spectroscopy has
become one of the most powerful and versatile tools at the disposal of modern bioscience …

Cocrystals can be used as an alternative approach based on crystal engineering to enhance
specific physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties of active pharmaceutical …

Quality by Test was the only way to guarantee quality of drug products before FDA launched
current Good Manufacturing Practice. To clearly understand the manufacture processes …

The globalization of drug trade leads to the expansion of pharmaceutical counterfeiting. The
immense threat of low quality drugs to millions of patients is considered to be an under …