Because of the complexity of several simultaneous physical processes, most heat transfer
models of keyhole mode laser welding require some simplifications to make the calculations …

A model describing the process of deep-penetration laser welding has been developed by
calculating the keyhole profile using a point-by-point determination of the energy balance at …

Hybrid welding, which is the integration of laser beam welding (LBW) and gas metal arc
welding (GMAW), may minimise the disadvantages while retaining the advantages for each …

Keyhole laser welding is the benchmark for deep-penetration joining processes. It needs
high incident laser beam power densities at the workpiece surface to take place. The …

The effects of electron beam focusing characteristics on fusion zone are analytically
investigated in this paper. The size and shape of fusion zone are important factors …

Energy transfers and penetration velocity during a high-energy drilling or welding process
are determined. The beam energy of a Gaussian distribution incident on the free surface of a …

An analytical solution for the three-dimensional temperature field in the liquid and heat-
affected zones around a welding cavity produced by a moving distributed low-or high-power …

Abstract Effects of focusing characteristics of the beam as well as concentrations of a volatile
alloying element in the workpiece on the shape of the cavity produced by a high-energy …

An analytical three-dimensional temperature field in the liquid and heat-affected zones
around the welding cavity produced by a moving high-intensity beam is provided. The cavity …

Energy flux absorbed by the cavity of a paraboloid of revolution subject to a focused high-
intensity beam, is systematically and quantitatively investigated. The intensity of incident flux …