Abstract The standard Λ Cold Dark Matter (ΛCDM) cosmological model provides a good
description of a wide range of astrophysical and cosmological data. However, there are a …

Particle physics today faces the challenge of explaining the mystery of dark matter, the origin
of matter over anti-matter in the Universe, the origin of the neutrino masses, the apparent …

High energy collisions at the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (LHC) produce a large
number of particles along the beam collision axis, outside of the acceptance of existing LHC …

We present an updated determination of nuclear parton distributions (nPDFs) from a global
NLO QCD analysis of hard processes in fixed-target lepton-nucleus and proton-nucleus …

The present white paper is submitted as part of the “Snowmass” process to help inform the
long-term plans of the United States Department of Energy and the National Science …

The theory of the strong force, quantum chromodynamics, describes the proton in terms of
quarks and gluons. The proton is a state of two up quarks and one down quark bound by …

Astrophysical neutrinos are excellent probes of astroparticle physics and high-energy
physics. With energies far beyond solar, supernovae, atmospheric, and accelerator …

The first results of the study of high-energy electron neutrino (ν e) and muon neutrino (ν μ)
charged-current interactions in the FASER ν emulsion-tungsten detector of the FASER …

An overwhelming number of theoretical predictions for hadron colliders require parton
distribution functions (PDFs), which are an important ingredient of theory infrastructure for …

Abstract Neutrinos are the Standard Model (SM) particles which we understand the least,
often due to how weakly they interact with the other SM particles. Beyond this, very little is …