The epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has changed dramatically during
this millennium. Infection rates have increased markedly in most countries with detailed …

Introduction 3. Diversity and abundance of the AA-fermenting bacteria in the digestive tract
4. AA metabolism in gut bacteria 4.1. Incorporation of AA into bacterial cells 4.2 …

This report offers a consensus opinion on the diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment, and
control of the primary enteropathogenic bacteria in dogs and cats, with an emphasis on …

There has been a startling shift in the epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection over the
last decade worldwide, and it is now increasingly recognized as a cause of diarrhea in the …

Clostridium difficile infections (CDIs) are traditionally seen in elderly and hospitalized
patients who have used antibiotic therapy. In the community, CDIs requiring a visit to a …

Highly virulent strains of Clostridium difficile have emerged since 2003, causing large
outbreaks of severe, often fatal, colitis in North America and Europe. In 2008–10, virulent …

Clostridium difficile was isolated from 12 (20%) of 60 retail ground meat samples purchased
over a 10-month period in 2005 in Canada. Eleven isolates were toxigenic, and 8 (67%) …

ABSTRACT PCR ribotypes were obtained for 144 Clostridium difficile isolates from neonatal
pigs. Porcine isolates comprised four PCR ribotypes, but one, ribotype 078, predominated …

Clostridium difficile infection is increasingly recognized as a cause of diarrhea in outpatients
and persons with no apparent health care facility contacts. In contrast to C. difficile infection …

We investigated Clostridium difficile in calves and the similarity between bovine and human
C. difficile PCR ribotypes by conducting a case-control study of calves from 102 dairy farms …