Dopamine is a prototypical neuromodulator that controls circuit function through G protein-
coupled receptor signalling. Neuromodulators are volume transmitters, with release followed …

Recent advances in technology are expected to increase our current understanding of
neuroscience. Nanotechnology and nanomaterials can alter and control neural functionality …

Action potentials trigger neurotransmitter release at the presynaptic active zone with
spatiotemporal precision. This is supported by protein machinery that mediates synaptic …

Chemical synapses are heterogeneous junctions formed between neurons that are
specialized for the conversion of electrical impulses into the exocytotic release of …

Voltage‐gated calcium channels are essential players in many physiological processes in
excitable cells. There are three main subdivisions of calcium channel, defined by the pore …

We report the observation of neural processing that occurs within 265 milliseconds after
outcome stimuli that inform human participants about gains and losses in a gambling task. A …

At a synapse, fast synchronous neurotransmitter release requires localization of Ca 2+
channels to presynaptic active zones. How Ca 2+ channels are recruited to active zones …

General anaesthetics are much more selective than is usually appreciated and may act by
binding to only a small number of targets in the central nervous system. At surgical …

Cannabinoids have a long history of consumption for recreational and medical reasons. The
primary active constituent of the hemp plant Cannabis sativa is Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9 …

The spinocerebellar ataxias type 1 (SCA1), 2 (SCA2), 3 (SCA3), 6 (SCA6) and 7 (SCA7) are
genetically defined autosomal dominantly inherited progressive cerebellar ataxias (ADCAs) …