Neurosurgical practitioners undergo extensive and prolonged training to acquire diverse
technical proficiencies, while neurosurgical procedures necessitate a substantial amount of …

OBJECTIVE Several approaches have been studied for internal fixation of the spine using
pedicle screws (PSs), including CT navigation, 2D and 3D fluoroscopy, freehand, and …

BACKGROUND CONTEXT Navigated and robotic pedicle screw placement systems have
been developed to improve the accuracy of screw placement. However, the literature …

OBJECTIVE The use of technology-enhanced methods in spine surgery has increased
immensely over the past decade. Here, the authors present the largest systematic review …

As robotics in spine surgery has progressed over the past 2 decades, studies have shown
mixed results on its clinical outcomes and economic impact. In this review, we highlight the …

Background Although a growing amount of literature that suggests robots are safe and can
achieve comparable outcomes to conventional techniques, much of this literature is limited …

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND CONTEXT Robot-assisted spine surgery continues to rapidly
develop as evidenced by the growing literature in recent years. In addition to demonstrating …

Background: The first instance of a robotic-assisted surgery occurred in neurosurgery;
however, it is now more common in other fields such as urology and gynecology. This study …

Accurate screw placement is critical to avoid vascular or neurologic complications during
spine surgery and to maximize fixation for fusion and deformity correction. As such, screw …

Study Design. Systematic Review Objective. We sought to determine which method of the
pedicle screw (PS) placement is most accurate and understand how the development of …