Abstract TOR (T arget O f R apamycin) is a highly conserved protein kinase that is important
in both fundamental and clinical biology. In fundamental biology, TOR is a nutrient-sensitive …

While ruling out programmed aging, evolutionary theory predicts a quasi-program for aging,
a continuation of the developmental program that is not turned off, is constantly on …

Background Autophagy is a protein degradation process by which cells recycle cytoplasmic
contents under stress conditions or during senescence; a basal level of housekeeping …

Ribosome assembly is required for cell growth in all organisms. Classic in vitro work in
bacteria has led to a detailed understanding of the biophysical, thermodynamic, and …

Nucleotides in RNA and DNA are chemically modified by numerous enzymes that alter their
function. Eukaryotic ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is modified at more than 100 locations …

Target of rapamycin (TOR) kinases control cell growth through two functionally distinct
multiprotein complexes. TOR complex 1 (TORC1) controls temporal cell growth and is …

The innate immune system is the first line of the host's defense, and studying the
mechanisms of the negative regulation of interferon (IFN) signaling is important for …

Ribosome biogenesis is the most demanding energetic and metabolic expenditure of the
cell. The nucleolus, a nuclear compartment, coordinates rRNA transcription, maturation, and …

Ribosome biogenesis is a crucial process for growth and constitutes the major consumer of
cellular resources. This pathway is subjected to very stringent regulation to ensure correct …

The ribosome stalk is essential for recruitment of translation factors. In yeast, P0 and Rpl12
correspond to bacterial L10 and L11 and form the stalk base of mature ribosomes, whereas …