An apparatus is provided which comprises: a magnetic junction including: a first structure comprising a magnet with an unfixed perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) relative to …
A low power, energy efficient, nonvolatile, high-speed memory apparatus is provided that can function at extremely low temperatures (eg, less than 30 degree Kelvin). The apparatus …
An apparatus is provided to improve spin injection effi ciency from a magnet to a spin orbit coupling material. The apparatus comprises: a first magnet; a second magnet adja cent to …