The array of whiskers on the snout provides rodents with tactile sensory information relating
to the size, shape and texture of objects in their immediate environment. Rodents can use …

It is still widely thought that cortical projections to distant brain areas derive by and large
from glutamatergic neurons. However, an increasing number of reports provide evidence …

To understand striatal function, it is essential to know the functional organization of the
numerous inputs targeting the diverse population of striatal neurons. Using optogenetics, we …

The human brain is comprised of a complex web of functional networks that link
anatomically distinct regions. However, the biological mechanisms supporting network …

During non-rapid eye-movement (NREM) sleep, cortical and thalamic neurons oscillate
every second or so between ON periods, characterized by membrane depolarization and …

The investigation of GABAergic inhibitory circuits has substantially expanded over the past
few years. The development of new tools and technology has allowed investigators to …

The striatum is richly innervated by mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons that modulate a
diverse array of cellular and synaptic functions that control goal-directed actions and habits …

The basal ganglia are a complex subcortical structure that is principally involved in the
selection and implementation of purposeful actions in response to external and internal …

Neuromodulation of deep brain structures (deep brain stimulation) is the current surgical
procedure for treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Less studied is the stimulation of …

The primary motor cortex (M1) is crucial for movement execution, especially dexterous ones,
but also for cognitive functions like motor learning. The acquisition of motor skills to execute …