During the last 25 to 30 yr, micromodels have been increasingly used to study the behavior
of fluids inside microstructures in various research areas. Studies have included chemical …

Planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) is a non-intrusive technique for measuring scalar
concentrations in fluid flows. A fluorescent dye is used as a scalar proxy, and local …

Optical measurement techniques such as particle image velocimetry (PIV) and laser Doppler
velocimetry (LDV) are now routinely used in experimental fluid mechanics to investigate …

Contaminant hydrogeological processes occurring in porous media are typically not
amenable to direct observation. As a result, indirect measurements (eg, contaminant …

We report an approach to fully visualize the flow of two immiscible fluids through a model
three‐dimensional (3‐D) porous medium at pore‐scale resolution. Using confocal …

In the advanced gas-cooled pebble bed reactors for nuclear power generation, the fuel is
spherical coated particles. The energy transfer phenomenon requires detailed …

Lanthanide-based upconversion (UC) allows harvesting sub-bandgap near-infrared
photons in photovoltaics. In this work, we investigate UC in perovskite solar cells by …

Experimental techniques based on optical measurement principles have experienced
significant growth in recent decades. They are able to provide detailed information with high …

Transitioning our society to a sustainable future, with low or net-zero carbon emissions to the
atmosphere, will require a wide-spread transformation of energy and environmental …

We review an experimental method that allows to probe the time-dependent structure of fully
three-dimensional densely packed granular materials and suspensions by means of particle …