The risk of blue light exposure to human health has attracted increased research attention.
Blue light, with relatively high energy, can cause irreversible photochemical damage to eye …

The present article discusses the role of light in altering autophagy, both within the outer
retina (retinal pigment epithelium, RPE, and the outer segment of photoreceptors) and the …

Calcium is a crucial messenger of intracellular and extracellular signals, regulating a great
variety of cellular processes such as cell death, proliferation, and metabolism. Inside the cell …

The seminal role of autophagy during age-related macular degeneration (AMD) lies in the
clearance of a number of reactive oxidative species that generate dysfunctional …

The cornea is directly exposed to cigarette smoke, and smoking is a risk factor for several
corneal diseases including dry eye syndrome. Currently, heated tobacco products (HTPs) …

Lysosomes play a central role in biochemical signal transduction and oxidative stress in
cells. Inducing lysosome membrane penetration (LMP) to cause lysosomal‐dependent cell …

Blue light is the higher-energy region of the visible spectrum. Excessive exposure to blue
light is known to induce oxidative stress and is harmful to the eyes. The stems of …

The issue of light pollution has garnered increased attention recently, largely due to the
widespread use of electronic devices. Blue light (BL) holds the highest energy level among …

Currently, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are considered a substitute for low-power lasers in
phototherapy protocols. LEDs enable photobiomodulation on biological tissues and are …

(1) Background: Ocular exposure to intense light or long-time exposure to low-intensity short-
wavelength lights may cause eye injury. Excessive levels of blue light induce photochemical …