Image-based 2D/3D registration is a critical technique for fluoroscopic guided surgical
interventions. Conventional intensity-based 2D/3D registration approa-ches suffer from a …

In 1985, Victor Scheinman developed the Programmable Universal Machine for Assembly
200, the first robot used in human surgery, to biopsy brain lesions. 1 In 2004, Mazor …

Within the consistent daily rhythm of human life, intervertebral discs endure a variety of
complex loads beyond the influences of gravity and muscle forces, leading to significant …

Lumbar injection is a minimally invasive spinal procedure that requires accurate needle
targeting in the spinal region under image guidance. Contrary to X-ray imaging commonly …

Anesthesiology has been at the forefront of patient safety efforts for decades, resulting in one
of the lowest percentages of adverse events out of any specialty. 1 The work of Cooper et al …

Robot-assisted surgical systems have shown promising results and better patient outcomes
in pedicle screw instrumentation and percutaneous needle interventions. Many commercial …