Tryptophan is an essential amino acid from dietary proteins. It can be metabolized into
different metabolites in both the gut microbiota and tissue cells. Tryptophan metabolites such …

The gut microbiota, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, viruses and phages, inhabits the
gastrointestinal tract. This commensal microbiota can contribute to the regulation of host …

The use of probiotics by cancer patients is increasing, including among those undergoing
immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment. Here, we elucidate a critical microbial-host …

Breastfeeding profoundly shapes the infant gut microbiota, which is critical for early life
immune development, and the gut microbiota can impact host physiology in various ways …

The gut microbiome is a key player in the immunomodulatory and protumorigenic
microenvironment during colorectal cancer (CRC), as different gut-derived bacteria can …

Epidemiological studies have indicated an association between statin use and reduced
incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC), and work in preclinical models has demonstrated a …

A well-functioning immune system is vital for a healthy body. Inadequate and excessive
immune responses underlie diverse pathologies such as serious infections, metastatic …

Mammalian aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that
belongs to the basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH)–PAS family of transcription factors, which are …

The environment, diet, microbiota and body's metabolism shape complex biological
processes in health and disease. However, our understanding of the molecular pathways …

Environmental pollution is one of the most serious challenges to health in the modern world.
Pollutants alter immune responses and can provoke immunotoxicity. In this Review, we …