Off-label use of medication may be presented in these guidelines if a sufficient level of
evidence shows that it can be considered medically appropriate to a given condition and if …

Introduction Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programs provide a format for
multidisciplinary care and has been shown to predictably improve short term outcomes …

Mounting evidence has firmly established that low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF)
are associated with a high risk of cardiovascular disease, all-cause mortality, and mortality …

Surveys and registries are needed to verify that real-life daily practice is in keeping with what
is recommended in the guidelines, thus completing the loop between clinical research …

In the past several decades, cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) has seen an
exponential increase in its evidence base. The growing volume of evidence in support of …

The use of perioperative cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) to evaluate the risk of
adverse perioperative events and inform the perioperative management of patients …

Background. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is used as a preoperative risk-
stratification tool for patients undergoing non-cardiopulmonary intra-abdominal surgery …

Background Patients requiring surgery for locally advanced rectal cancer often additionally
undergo neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT), of which the effects on physical fitness …

Statistics from the American Heart Association (AHA) emphasizes the continuing burden of
cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the United States, with a prevalence of CVD nearing 40 …

Background Preoperative physical fitness is predictive of postoperative outcome. Patients
with lesser aerobic capacity are at greater risk of postoperative complications, longer …