For this systematic review, learning from multiple texts served as the specific context for
investigating the constructs of higher-order (HOT), critical (CT), and critical-analytic (CAT) …

Abstract The US Department of Defense, including the Army, Air Force, Navy, and Defense
Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) has engaged in cognitive enhancement …

In this theoretical contribution, our purpose is to examine the nature of reading competence
as it unfolds at the present and to project that nature into the future. More specifically, we ask …

Proliferating information and viewpoints in the 21st century require an educated citizenry
with the ability to think critically about complex, controversial issues. Critical thinking …

(Monaghan & Saul, 1987). The efforts of researchers during this period gave rise to
extensive literature on learners and the learning process that remains an enduring legacy …

Reasoning is perhaps best defined in relation to thinking and inference (Moshman, 2011,
2015). Inference, the broadest of these three terms, typically refers to the generation of new …

Through various strategies and learning models, efforts have been made to improve
students' critical thinking skills in elementary and secondary school science classrooms …

Critical thinking (CT) is among the core abilities students need to acquire to overcome the
unprecedented and ever-changing challenges of the 21st century and beyond. To facilitate …

This study explores the challenges involved in scaling up projects and in implementing
policies across the whole school system in the area of teaching higher order thinking (HOT) …

Many people assume that what morally justifies private ownership of property is either
individual freedom or social welfare, defined in terms of maximizing personal preference …