Lanan (1971) working on oyster sperm and Asahina and Takahashi (1977) on sea urchin
sperm and embryos can be considered the pioneers in marine invertebrate …

The sea urchin has long been used as an invertebrate model organism in developmental
biology, membrane transport and sperm oocyte interactions, and for the assessment of …

Simple Summary This is a basic study about the handling, reproduction and
cryopreservation of cells from five different sea urchin species present in the Northeastern …

Background Sea urchins have contributed greatly to knowledge of fertilization,
embryogenesis, and cell biology. However, until now, they have not been genetic model …

The sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus has high nutritional, medicinal, and economic
value. However, factors such as overexploitation, climate change, and environmental …

The sea urchin, Echinometra lucunter, is widely used in embryo-larval tests for
ecotoxicological studies in Brazil and other countries. For each test, sea urchins are …

Reproductive biotechnologies provide innovative support tools which are increasingly being
applied to aquatic species. The development of tools for the assessment of changes in …

Behavioral endpoints have been used for decades to assess chemical impacts at
concentrations unlikely to cause mortality. With recently developed techniques, it is possible …

The characterization of sperm motility patterns, particularly post‐activation changes, is the
first step in setting up species‐specific protocols involving gamete management and embryo …

The response of crustaceans and other aquatic invertebrates to low temperatures and the
application on cryopreservation has been extensively studied experimentally, which has …