A major shift is happening within neurophysiology: a population doctrine is drawing level
with the single-neuron doctrine that has long dominated the field. Population-level ideas …

Despite continual debate for the past 30 years about the function of anterior cingulate cortex
(ACC), its key contribution to neurocognition remains unknown. However, recent …

The complex challenges of our mental life require us to coordinate multiple forms of neural
information processing. Recent behavioural studies have found that people can coordinate …

Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and striatum (STR) contain neurons encoding not only the
expected values of actions, but also the value of stimulus features irrespective of actions …

Goal-directed behaviour requires humans to constantly manage and switch between
multiple, independent and conflicting sources of information. Conventional cognitive control …

We have the capacity to follow arbitrary stimulus–response rules, meaning simple policies
that guide our behavior. Rule identity is broadly encoded across decision-making circuits …

Research examining the functional underpinnings of anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and its
relationship to cognitive control have been described as “perennially controversial” and a …

The ability to perform motor actions depends, in part, on the brain's initial state. We
hypothesized that initial state dependence is a more general principle and applies to …

The ability to identify and resolve conflicts between standard, well‐trained behaviors and
behaviors required by the current context is an essential feature of cognitive control. To date …

The amygdala—one of the primary structures of the limbic system—is comprised of
interconnected nuclei situated within the temporal lobe. It has a well-established role in the …