Wound healing is one of the most complex biological processes to occur in life. Repair of
tissue following injury involves dynamic interactions between multiple cell types, growth …

Diabetes-associated morbidity and mortality is predominantly due to complications of the
disease that may cause debilitating conditions, such as heart and renal failure, hepatic …

During the last four decades, proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) has defied the efforts of
many researchers to prevent its occurrence or development. Thus, PVR is still the major …

Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells maintain the health and functional integrity of both
photoreceptors and the choroidal vasculature. Loss of RPE differentiation has long been …

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) signaling activates Smad‐and TGF‐β‐activated
kinase 1 (TAK1)‐dependent signaling to regulate cell survival, proliferation, fibrosis, and …

TGF-β is essential for vascular development; however, excess TGF-β signaling promotes
thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection in multiple disorders, including Marfan syndrome …

The TGF-β signaling pathway plays a crucial role in several key aspects of development and
tissue homeostasis. TGF-β ligands and their mediators have been shown to be important …

Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a blinding disorder that occurs in eyes with
rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and in eyes that have recently undergone retinal …

OBJECTIVE—Leukocyte adhesion in retinal microvasuculature substantially contributes to
diabetic retinopathy. Involvement of the Rho/Rho kinase (ROCK) pathway in diabetic …

Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is thought to represent an exaggerated and protracted
scarring process following rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD) and following RD …