Because of enduring experience of managing two languages, bilinguals have been argued
to develop superior executive functioning compared with monolinguals. Despite extensive …

Electroencephalographic (EEG) methods have great potential to serve both basic and
clinical science approaches to understand individual differences in human neural function …

Numerous studies have argued that bilingualism has effects on cognitive functions.
Recently, in light of increasingly mixed empirical results, this claim has been challenged …

Background Cognitive impairment is prevalent among frail older adults. Traditional exercise
and exergaming positively affect cognition in healthy older people. However, few studies …

Paragraph Biomarkers of behavior and psychiatric illness for cognitive and clinical
neuroscience remain out of reach–. Suboptimal reliability of biological measurements, such …

There is continuing debate over whether bilingualism can confer advantages in other areas
of cognition. Bilingual language behaviours, such as switching between languages, are …

Background Declined cognitive function interferes with dual-task walking ability and may
result in falls in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The mind-body exercise …

Many neuropsychological tests of executive functioning (EF) have test–retest reliabilities
below what is considered acceptable. Combining several tests into a composite can improve …

Background Immersive virtual reality (IVR) is a new technology that could motivate learners,
but also could contain distracting elements that increase cognitive demands on learners. In …

The mechanisms underlying working memory training remain unclear, but one possibility is
that the typically limited transfer effects of this training reflect adoption of successful task …