Due to the presence of plastids, eukaryotic photosynthetic cells represent the most highly
compartmentalized eukaryotic cells. This high degree of compartmentation requires the …

Upon stress, a trade-off between plant growth and defense responses defines the capacity
for survival. Stress can result in accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic …

The covalent addition of sugars to small organic molecules is mediated by a superfamily of
UDP glycosyltransferases (UGTs) found in animals, plants and bacteria. This superfamily …

Context: TMEM165 deficiency is a severe multisystem disease that manifests with metabolic,
endocrine, and skeletal involvement. It leads to one type of congenital disorders of …

In most flowering plant species, pollination and fertilization occur during the hot summer, so
plants must have evolved a mechanism that ensures normal growth of their pollen tubes at …

To fulfill its role in protein biogenesis, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) depends on the
Hsp70-type molecular chaperone BiP, which requires a constant ATP supply. However, the …

N-glycosylation is a complex process that encompasses the biosynthesis and modification of
sugar moieties in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi. The ER-localized steps of N …

Secretory and transmembrane proteins are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
in eukaryotic cells. Nascent polypeptide chains, which are translated on the rough ER, are …

UDP-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA) is the precursor of many plant cell wall polysaccharides
and is required for production of seed mucilage. Following synthesis in the cytosol, it is …

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon) is a soil‐borne fungus causing vascular Fusarium
wilt on watermelon; however, the molecular network regulating Fon virulence remains to be …