Highlights•Wearable devices are intelligent tools of 21st century modern healthcare
systems.•Early diagnosis of cancer is the only key decisive factor to start the drug …

Haptic human–machine interfaces (HHMIs) combine tactile sensation and haptic feedback
to allow humans to interact closely with machines and robots, providing immersive …

Haptics involves human touch sensing and tactile feedback and plays a crucial role in
physical interactions of humans with their environment. There is an ever‐increasing interest …

Soft actuators are gaining significant attention due to their ability to provide realistic tactile
sensations in various applications. However, their soft nature makes them vulnerable to …

Haptic displays act on the user's body to stimulate the sense of touch and enrich
applications from gaming and computer-aided design to rehabilitation and remote surgery …

Tactile perception of softness serves a critical role in the survival, well-being, and social
interaction among various species, including humans. This perception informs activities from …

With the development of virtual reality, the practical requirements of the wearable haptic
interface have been greatly emphasized. While passive haptic devices are commonly used …

Haptic interactions between human and machines are essential for information acquisition
and object manipulation. In virtual reality (VR) system, the haptic sensing device can gather …

To discriminate the compliance of soft objects, we rely upon spatiotemporal cues in the
mechanical deformation of the skin. However, we have few direct observations of skin …

This paper reports a fully flexible micro-actuator array utilizing a liquid-to-gas phase change
mechanism. A stretchable membrane of the actuator is deformed by volume expansion and …