Extremely low frequency (ELF) and very low frequency (VLF) observations have formed the
cornerstone of measurement and interpretation of effects of lightning discharges on the …

In the last decade there has been a great deal of interest in the detection and understanding
of phenomena occurring above active thunderstorms. The discovery of the optical …

This book on electromagnetic resonance phenomena describes a general approach to
physical problems, ways to solve them, and properties of the solutions obtained. Attention is …

Ground flashes with positive polarity associated with both sprites and elves excite the Earth's
Schumann resonances to amplitudes several times greater than the background …

Measurements of ELF‐radiating currents associated with sprite‐producing lightning
discharges exhibit a second current peak simultaneous in time with sprite luminosity …

Lightning produces electromagnetic fields and waves in all frequency ranges. In the
extremely low frequency (ELF) range below 100 Hz, the global Schumann Resonances (SR) …

A clear association between large peak current cloud-to-ground lightning flashes of positive
polarity and sprites and elves in the stratosphere and mesosphere has been previously …

Telescopic images of sprites show a wide variety of generally vertical but also slanted fine
structure, including branching tree‐like shapes and well defined but isolated columns, with …

Upper atmospheric transient luminous events (TLEs; sprite, elves, blue jet, etc.) are recently
discovered thunderstorm-induced phenomena. Imager of sprites/upper atmospheric …

The paper reviews recent advances in studies of electric discharges in the stratosphere and
mesosphere above thunderstorms, and their effects on the atmosphere. The primary focus is …