The inevitable decline of CD4T cells in untreated infection with the Human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is due in large part to apoptosis, one type of programmed cell …

Since the first isolation of HIV-1 from a patient with generalized lymphadenopathy in 1983,
great progress has been made in understanding the viral life cycle and the functional …

HIV-1 expresses several accessory proteins to counteract host anti-viral restriction factors to
facilitate viral replication and disease progression. One such protein, Vpr, has been …

The HIV-1 accessory protein viral protein R (Vpr) causes G2 arrest and apoptosis in infected
cells. We previously identified the DNA damage–signaling protein ATR as the cellular factor …

Budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces
pombe) are two popular model organisms for virus research. They are natural hosts for …

Background The HIV viral protein R (Vpr) is a multifunction protein involved in the
pathophysiology of HIV‐1. Recent evidence has suggested that Vpr amino acid substitutions …

HIV-1 encodes four accesory proteins in addition to its structural and regulatory genes.
Uniquely amongst them, Vpr is abundantly present within virions, meaning it is poised to …

Studies of simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) in their endangered primate hosts are of
obvious medical and public health importance, but technically challenging. Although SIV …

Viral protein R (Vpr), one of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) accessory
proteins, contributes to multiple cytopathic effects, G2 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The …

The mechanism of CD4+ T-cell depletion in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-
infected individuals remains unknown, although mounting evidence suggests that direct viral …