Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized
by deficits in social communication, social interaction, and repetitive restricted behaviors …

Neuropeptides, a diverse class of signaling molecules in the nervous system, modulate
various biological effects including membrane excitability, synaptic transmission and …

Recent studies suggest that the cerebellum may have a significant role in repetitive
behaviors. In primary complex motor stereotypies, typically developing children have …

Opioid abuse modifies synaptic plasticity, which leads to behavioral changes, such as
morphine dependence, but the mechanism remains poorly understood. Glial cells play an …

Repetitive motor behaviors are common in both neurotypical and developmentally delayed
populations. The neural mechanisms underlying these behaviors are not fully understood …

As discussed in Harvey S. Singer and Justin Pellicciotti's article,“The Pathophysiology of
Tics: An Anatomical Review,” in this issue, there is strong scientific evidence to support the …

Glutamate is a key factor in opiate addiction. Glial glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) plays a
prominent role in glutamate homeostasis. Therefore, different regimens of ceftriaxone as a …

Stigma maydis polysaccharide (SMPS) has regulatory effect on the intestinal microflora and
promotes gastrointestinal peristalsis. Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often …

Whether children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are more likely to be
exposed to prescription opioids than others remains unknown. The Taiwan National Health …

The neurobiology of environmentally induced stereotypic behaviours (SBs)(eg, pacing in
zoo carnivores, crib-biting in horses, tail chasing in dogs) is hypothesized to involve altered …