Kinins are endogenous peptides that belong to the kallikrein-kinin system, which has been
extensively studied for over a century. Their essential role in multiple physiological and …

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe psychiatric disorder that affects up to 15% of the worldwide
population. Characterized by switches in mood between mania and depression, its etiology …

Casein hydrolysates exert various biological activities, and the responsible functional
peptides are being identified from them continuously. In this study, the tryptic casein …

Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a devastating neurological condition and a
frequent cause of permanent disability. Posttraumatic inflammation and brain edema …

Background: The blood–brain barrier (BBB) describes the brain's highly specialized
capillaries, which form a dynamic interface that maintains central nervous system (CNS) …

Fibromyalgia is a potentially disabling chronic disease, characterized by widespread pain
and a range of comorbidities such as hypertension. Among the mechanisms involved in …

Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Current
medical management in the acute phase is based on the activation of the fibrinolytic …

Chronic pain, which affects more than one-third of the world's population, represents one of
the greatest medical challenges of the 21 st century, yet its effective management remains …

Paclitaxel is a chemotherapeutic agent used to treat solid tumours. However, it causes an
acute and neuropathic pain syndrome that limits its use. Among the mechanisms involved in …

Communications between different cell types within a tissue are often critical for the proper
functioning of an organ. In the central nervous system, interactions among neurons and glial …