Ultra-wideband (UWB) indoor positioning systems based on time of arrival (ToA) techniques
are considered to be the high precision alternatives to those employing received signal …

Time of Arrival (TOA) based indoor positioning systems are considered to be the high
precision alternatives to other positioning systems employing received signal strength (RSS) …

In time of arrival (TOA)-based indoor geolocation systems ranging error is a function of the
bandwidth of the system and the availability of the direct path between the transmitter and …

The existence of undetected direct path (UDP) conditions causes occurrence of unexpected
large random ranging errors which pose a serious challenge to precise indoor localization …

Recently, a number of empirical models have been introduced in the literature for the
behavior of direct path used in the design of algorithms for RF based indoor geolocation …

Recently, considerable attention has been devoted to modeling and analysis of the behavior
of the ranging error in indoor environment. The ranging error modeling is essential in design …

A well-known challenge in estimating the distance of the antenna pair in time-of-arrival (ToA)
based RF localization systems is the problem of obstruction of the direct path (DP) between …

Wireless positioning using radio signals has received considerable attention in the field of
navigation and tracking. However, the existing navigation systems that are based on …

Recently, a number of empirical models have been introduced in the literature for the
behavior of direct path used in the design of algorithms for RF based indoor geolocation …

The hostile nature of indoor radio environments and the rapid growth of commercial indoor
positioning systems have placed a significant emphasis on developing robust localization …