Oncolytic viruses (OVs) constitute a new and promising immunotherapeutic approach
toward cancer treatment. This therapy takes advantage of the natural propensity of most …

Immunogenic cell death (ICD) refers to an immunologically distinct process of regulated cell
death that activates, rather than suppresses, innate and adaptive immune responses. Such …

Lysosome-mediated autophagy and caspase-dependent apoptosis are dynamic processes
that maintain cellular homeostasis, ensuring cell health and functionality. The intricate …

Over the past decades, immunotherapy has demonstrated a prominent clinical efficacy in a
wide variety of human tumors. For many years, apoptosis has been considered a non …

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a promising and rapidly expanding
therapeutic option for a wide range of human malignancies. Despite the ongoing progress of …

Macroautophagy/autophagy is a highly conserved evolutionary mechanism that involves
lysosomes for the degradation of cytoplasmic components including organelles. The …

Simple Summary Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an RNA virus belonging to the
Paramyxoviridae family. In nature, NDV primarily infects birds, but poses no threat to human …

Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a regulated cell death (RCD) pathway. In response to
physical and chemical signals, tumor cells activate specific signaling pathways that stimulate …

Successful immunotherapy for melanoma depends on the recruitment of effector CD8+ T
cells to the tumor microenvironment. Factors contributing to T cell regulation in melanoma …

Recent reports have revealed that oncolytic viruses (OVs) play a significant role in cancer
therapy. The infection of OVs such as oncolytic vaccinia virus (OVV), vesicular stomatitis …