Macrophages exist in various tissues, several body cavities, and around mucosal surfaces
and are a vital part of the innate immune system for host defense against many pathogens …

Women have stronger immune responses to infections and vaccination than men.
Paradoxically, the stronger immune response comes at a steep price, which is the high …

Введение. Несмотря на широкое распространение пародонтита и хронических
болевых синдромов, особенно среди пациентов среднего и старшего возраста …

Monocytes (Mo) and macrophages (Mϕ) are key components of the innate immune system
and are involved in regulation of the initiation, development, and resolution of many …

The cardiovascular system is subject to hyperlipidaemic, inflammatory, and pro-oxidant
stressors. Over time, these factors drive prevalent chronic diseases, of which atherosclerosis …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by pathologic
T cell–B cell interactions and autoantibody production. Defining the T cell populations that …

It is now well accepted that plasma cells can become long-lived (memory) plasma cells and
secrete antibodies for months, years or a lifetime. However, the mechanisms involved in this …

Regulatory T (Treg) cells represent a subpopulation of suppressor CD4+ T cells critically
involved in the establishment of peripheral tolerance through the inhibition of effector T (Teff) …

Abnormalities in B cells play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus
erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis (LN). Breach in central and peripheral tolerance …

Lupus erythematosus comprises a spectrum of autoimmune diseases that may affect various
organs (systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE]) or the skin only (cutaneous lupus …