This article is based on a consensus conference, promoted and supported by the
International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology (IFCN), which took place in Siena (Italy) …

Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential
tissue damage. Chronic pain, with a prevalence of 20–30% is the major cause of human …

Background This is an updated version of the original Cochrane Review published in 2010,
Issue 9, and last updated in 2014, Issue 4. Non‐invasive brain stimulation techniques aim to …

Pain is a highly complex and individual experience with biological, psychological and social
(biopsychosocial) contributions. Pain is associated with activity within the nervous system …

Recently, clinicians have been using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for
treating various pain conditions. This systematic narrative review aimed to examine the use …

Background While transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been studied for the
treatment of psychiatric disorders, emerging evidence supports its use for pain and …

The treatment of neuropathic pain by neuromodulation is an objective for more than 40
years in modern clinical practice. With respect to spinal cord and deep brain structures, the …

Abstract Background and Objective Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)
applied to the motor cortex provides supplementary relief for some individuals with chronic …

As the most common symptomatic reason to seek medical consultation, pain is a complex
experience that has been classified into different categories and stages. In pain processing …

Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques have demonstrated their potential for
chronic pain management, yet their efficacy exhibits variability across studies. Refining …