The embryonic head is populated by two robust mesenchymal populations, paraxial
mesoderm and neural crest cells. Although the developmental histories of each are distinct …

Neural crest cells are a vertebrate-specific migratory, multipotent cell population that give
rise to a diverse array of cells and tissues during development. Cranial neural crest cells, in …

Data from living and extinct faunas of primitive vertebrates imply very different scenarios for
the origin and evolution of the dermal and oral skeletal developmental system. A direct …

The vertebrate neural crest migrates from its origin, the neural plate border, to form diverse
derivatives. We previously hypothesized that a neural crest gene regulatory network (NC …

Craniofacial morphogenesis is a complex process and the blueprint for building the
vertebrate head and face is established very early during embryonic development. In fact in …

Lampreys and hagfish, which together are known as the cyclostomes or 'agnathans', are the
only surviving lineages of jawless fish. They diverged early in vertebrate evolution, before …

Cyclostomes, the living jawless vertebrates including hagfishes and lampreys, represent the
most basal lineage of vertebrates. Although the monophyly of cyclostomes has been …

Hox genes are required to pattern neural crest (NC) derived craniofacial and visceral
skeletal structures. However, the temporal requirement of Hox patterning activity is not …

The Pax6 gene plays a developmental role in various metazoans as the master regulatory
gene for eye patterning. Pax6 is also spatially regulated in particular regions of the neural …

Genes involved in late specification of the mandibular arch, the source of the vertebrate jaw,
are expressed with similar patterns in the oral regions of chick and lamprey embryos …