Abstract The ionospheric D-region (~ 60 km up to~ 95 km) and the corresponding neutral
atmosphere, often referred to as the mesosphere–lower thermosphere (MLT), are …

Abstract Very low frequency (VLF)(3–30 kHz) communication systems are widely used in
remote and underwater scenarios due to the low propagation loss. However, the antenna …

Transient luminous events (TLEs) such as sprites, blue jets (BJs) and elves have been
studied intensively during the last three decades, and much is now known of their properties …

Abstract Very low frequency (VLF, 3–30 kHz) transmitter remote sensing has long been used
as a simple yet useful diagnostic for the D region ionosphere (60–90 km). All it requires is a …

We present the performance characteristics of a high-sensitivity radio receiver for the
frequency band 0.5-470 kHz, known as the Low Frequency Atmospheric Weather …

This paper examines some data mining techniques for lightning prediction. If we indicate by
one the lightning event occurrence and by zero the non-occurrence of the event, then we will …

Over the last few decades it has been shown in numerous studies, using different
observational approaches that although less frequent, lightning over the oceans is …

Narrowband very low frequency (VLF) remote sensing has proven to be a useful tool for
characterizing the ionosphere's D region (60‐to 90‐km altitude) electron density. This work …

Electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) and quasi‐static electric fields (QE) from powerful lightning
heat and ionize the lower ionosphere. The EMP disturbance may appear as an elve at∼ 80 …

In 1999, the first sprites were observed above European thunderstorms using sensitive
cameras. Since then, Eurosprite campaigns have been conducted to observe sprites and …