Significance: Autophagy is critical to cellular homeostasis. Emergence of the concept of
regulated necrosis, such as necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and mitochondrial …

Microbes have developed many strategies to subvert host organisms, which, in turn, evolved
several innate immune responses. As major lipid storage organelles of eukaryotes, lipid …

Rationale: Atherosclerosis plaque rupture (PR) is the pathological basis and chief culprit of
most acute cardiovascular events and death. Given the complex and important role of …

Combinatorial CRISPR-Cas screens have advanced the mapping of genetic interactions,
but their experimental scale limits the number of targetable gene combinations. Here, we …

Abstract Immunity-related GTPase M (IRGM), an Interferon-inducible protein, functions as a
pivotal immunoregulator in multiple autoimmune diseases and infection. However, the role …

Abstract The NOD1/2‐RIPK2 is a key cytosolic signaling complex that activates NF‐κB pro‐
inflammatory response against invading pathogens. However, uncontrolled NF‐κB signaling …

Background: Exposure to heavy metals has been reported to be associated with multiple
diseases. However, direct associations and potential mechanisms of heavy metals with …

Fluoride (F) is usually treated as a hazardous material, and F-caused public health problem
has attracted global attention. Previous studies demonstrate that interleukin-17A (IL-17A) …

The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a crucial signaling hub in the immune system's
antiviral and antimicrobial defense by detecting exogenous and endogenous DNA. The …

Cytokines are known for their pleiotropic effects. They can be classified by their function as
pro-inflammatory, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL) 1 and IL-12, or anti …