In a minority of flowering plants, separate sexes are genetically determined by sex
chromosomes. The Y chromosome has a non-recombining region that degenerates, causing …

We review how epigenetics affect sex chromosome evolution in animals and plants. In a few
species, sex is determined epigenetically through the action of Y-encoded small RNAs …

Morphological, genic and epigenetic differences often exist in separate sexes of dioecious
and trioecious plants. However, the connections and relationships among them in different …

Sex chromosomes have evolved in many plant species with separate sexes. Current plant
research is shifting from examining the structure of sex chromosomes to exploring their …

To test hypotheses about the evolution of massive sex-linked regions in plants, we
sequenced the genome of Silene latifolia, whose giant heteromorphic sex chromosomes …

Separate sexes in dioecious plants display different morphology and physiological
characteristics. The differences between the two sexes lie in their highly differentiated floral …

Abstract The oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-
formylcytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC), known as oxi-mCs, garners significant …

The genus Silene includes a plethora of dioecious and gynodioecious species. Two
species, Silene latifolia (white campion) and Silene dioica (red campion), are dioecious …

About 15,000 angiosperms are dioecious, but the mechanisms of sex determination in
plants remain poorly understood. In particular, how Y chromosomes evolve and degenerate …

Dioecious plants possess diverse sex determination systems and unique mechanisms of
reproductive organ development; however, little is known about how sex-linked genes …