Background Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is an umbrella term for pain and
dysfunction involving the masticatory muscles and the temporomandibular joints (TMJs) …

In 2006, the OPPERA project (Orofacial Pain: Prospective Evaluation and Risk Assessment)
set out to identify risk factors for development of painful temporomandibular disorder (TMD) …

Osteoarthritis is a common disease that can cause severe pain and dysfunction in any joint,
including the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). TMJ osteoarthritis (TMJOA) is an important …

Clinical characteristics might be associated with temporomandibular disorders (TMD)
because they are antecedent risk factors that increase the likelihood of a healthy person …

Chronic pain is a classic example of gene× environment interaction: inflammatory and/or
nerve injuries are known or suspected to be the etiology of most chronic pain syndromes …

Chronic pain conditions are multifactorial disorders with a high frequency in the population.
Their pathophysiology is often unclear, and treatment is inefficient. During the last 20 years …

Musculoskeletal pain conditions, such as fibromyalgia and low back pain, tend to coexist in
affected individuals and are characterized by a report of pain greater than expected based …

Until recently, most clinicians and scientists believed that the experience of pain is
perceptually proportional to the amount of incoming peripheral nociceptive drive due to …

Musculoskeletal pain disorders are the second largest contributor to global disability
underlining the significance of effective treatments. However, treating chronic …

Pain is a prominent component of many rheumatologic conditions, and is the result of a
complex physiologic interaction of central and peripheral nervous system signaling that …