We propose a practical concept that distinguishes the particular kind of weaponry that has
evolved to be used in combat between individuals of the same species and sex, which we …

Phalangida includes three of the four suborders of Opiliones (Arachnida): Eupnoi, Dyspnoi
and Laniatores. We review the literature on the sensory structures and capabilities of …

1 CHAPTER 12 Genitalic evolution in Opiliones Rogelio Macías-Ordóñez1, Glauco
Machado2, Abel Pérez-González3 & Jeffrey Page 1 1 CHAPTER 12 Genitalic evolution in …

Sexual differences in size and shape are common across the animal kingdom. The study of
sexual dimorphism (SD) can provide insight into the sexual-and natural-selection pressures …

The evolution of sexually dimorphic traits has been the focus of much theoretical work, but
empirical approaches to this topic have not been equally prolific. Males of the neotropical …

Pedipalps are the most versatile appendages of arachnids. They can be equipped with
spines (Amblypygi), chelae (Scorpiones), or adhesive pads (Solifugae), all of which are …

Harvestmen are a major arachnid order that has experienced a dramatic increase in
biological knowledge in the 21st century. The publication of the book Harvestmen: The …

Abiotic factors exert direct and indirect influences on behavioral, morphological, and life-
history traits. Because some of these traits are related to reproduction, there is a causal link …

Harvestmen belong to the order Opiliones, and, unlike other arachnids, they are highly
polygynandrous, with both males and females mating multiply throughout the breeding …

When mating interactions are influenced by multiple sources of selection, they may involve
multiple stages of mate assessment. At each stage, a different set of morphological and …