BACKGROUND Climate change impacts have now been documented across every
ecosystem on Earth, despite an average warming of only~ 1° C so far. Here, we describe the …

Butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) are one of the most studied, diverse, and widespread
animal groups, making them an ideal model for climate change research. They are a …

Gloger's rule is an ecogeographical rule that links animal colouration with climatic variation.
This rule is named after CWL Gloger who was one of the first to summarise the associations …

The importance of colour for temperature regulation in animals remains controversial.
Colour can affect an animal's temperature because all else being equal, dark surfaces …

Recent climate and land‐use changes are having substantial impacts on biodiversity,
including population declines, range shifts, and changes in community composition …

Insect pollinators are essential to global food production. For this reason, it is alarming that
honey bee (Apis mellifera) populations across the world have recently seen increased rates …

In recent years the focus in ecology has shifted from species to a greater emphasis on
functional traits. In tandem with this shift, a number of trait databases have been developed …

Phenology, the seasonal timing of life events, is an essential component of diversity
patterns. However, the mechanisms involved are complex and understudied. Body colour …

Aim General geographical patterns of insect body size are still a matter of considerable
debate, mainly because the annual number of generations (voltinism) and its relationship …

Major environmental gradients co‐vary with elevation and have been a longstanding natural
tool allowing ecologists to study global diversity patterns at smaller scales, and to make …