Gonadal hormones play a key role in the establishment, activation, and regulation of the
hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. By influencing the response and sensitivity to …

The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, a neuroendocrine network that controls
hormonal responses to internal and external challenges in an organism's environment …

The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is a center of integration for limbic information
and valence monitoring. The BNST, sometimes referred to as the extended amygdala, is …

Estrogen is a steroid hormone that has critical roles in reproductive development, bone
homeostasis, cardiovascular remodeling and brain functions. However, estrogen also …

Compelling evidence exists for pervasive sex differences in pathological conditions,
including anxiety and depressive disorders, with females more than twice as likely to be …

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is a major component of the systems that
respond to stress, by coordinating the neuroendocrine and autonomic responses. Tightly …

Animals evaluate and respond to their social environment with adaptive decisions.
Revealing the neural mechanisms of such decisions is a major goal in biology. We analyzed …

Prolactin is a protein hormone of the anterior pituitary gland that was originally named for its
ability to promote lactation in response to the suckling stimulus of hungry young mammals …

The hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis represents a complex neuroendocrine
feedback loop controlling the secretion of adrenal glucocorticoid hormones. Central to its …

During the past decade there has been a substantial advance in our understanding of
estrogen signaling both from a clinical as well as a preclinical perspective. Estrogen …