Mendelian randomization (MR) is a method of studying the causal effects of modifiable
exposures (ie, potential risk factors) on health, social, and economic outcomes using genetic …

Obesity and type 2 diabetes are the most frequent metabolic disorders, but their causes
remain largely unclear. Insulin resistance, the common underlying abnormality, results from …

Abstract The Rotterdam Study is an ongoing prospective cohort study that started in 1990 in
the city of Rotterdam, The Netherlands. The study aims to unravel etiology, preclinical …

Characterizing genetic influences on DNA methylation (DNAm) provides an opportunity to
understand mechanisms underpinning gene regulation and disease. In the present study …

Biological aging is the gradual, progressive decline in system integrity that occurs with
advancing chronological age, causing morbidity and disability. Measurements of the pace of …

Epigenetic mechanisms control gene activity and the development of an organism. The
epigenome includes DNA methylation, histone modifications, and RNA-mediated processes …

We determined the relationships between DNA sequence variation and DNA methylation
using blood samples from 3,799 Europeans and 3,195 South Asians. We identify …

High-throughput technologies have revolutionized medical research. The advent of
genotyping arrays enabled large-scale genome-wide association studies and methods for …

Increasing numbers of studies implicate abnormal DNA methylation in cancer and many non-
malignant diseases. This is consistent with numerous findings about differentiation …

Biomarker discovery and validation are necessary for improving the prediction of clinical
outcomes and patient monitoring. Despite considerable interest in biomarker discovery and …