The protonation state of soluble and membrane-associated macromolecules dictates their
charge, conformation, and functional activity. In addition, protons (H+ or their equivalents) …

Lysosomes, the terminal organelles on the endocytic pathway, digest macromolecules and
make their components available to the cell as nutrients. Hydrolytic enzymes specific to a …

The vacuolar ATPases (V-ATPases) are a family of proton pumps that couple ATP hydrolysis
to proton transport into intracellular compartments and across the plasma membrane. They …

Cullin–RING complexes comprise the largest known class of ubiquitin ligases. Owing to the
great diversity of their substrate-receptor subunits, it is possible that there are hundreds of …

The acidity of intracellular compartments and the extracellular environment is crucial to
various cellular processes, including membrane trafficking, protein degradation, bone …

The pH of intracellular compartments in eukaryotic cells is a carefully controlled parameter
that affects many cellular processes, including intracellular membrane transport …

Identifying the interactions established by a protein of interest can be a critical step in
understanding its function. This is especially true when an unknown protein of interest is …

In response to a variety of stimuli, dendritic cells (DCs) transform from immature cells
specialized for antigen capture into mature cells specialized for T cell stimulation. During …

The vacuolar (H+)-ATPases are ATP-dependent proton pumps that acidify intracellular
compartments and, in some cases, transport protons across the plasma membrane of …

SCF ubiquitin ligases control various processes by marking regulatory proteins for ubiquitin-
dependent proteolysis. To illuminate how SCF complexes are regulated, we sought proteins …