The overall propulsion efficiency for ion-mode electrospray thrusters has been predicted to
be as high as 90%; however, experimental measurements currently fall far short of these …

Orthogonal time-of-flight mass spectrometry has been used to characterize the kinetic
energy and charged species distributions from an in vacuo electrospray ion source for four …

The miniaturization of electronics over the past several decades have led to a recent boom
in small satellite missions and mission planning. Today, small satellites are used for a …

Ionic liquids are now used in applications ranging from chemical synthesis to spacecraft
propulsion. With this comes the need to characterize new syntheses, identify environmental …

Measuring the polydisperse beam of charged species emitted by an electrospray device
requires accurate measurements of current. Secondary species emission (SSE) caused by …

Ionic liquid ion sources are a promising technology that can be used for many applications
from space propulsion to focused ion beam microetching. Ionic liquid ion sources produce …

The time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ToF-MS) is a useful tool for quantifying the
performance of electrospray thrusters and characterizing their plumes. ToF-MS data can be …

Ionic liquid ion sources (ILISs) produce charged particle beams by using a strong electric
field to extract and accelerate molecular ions and ion clusters from liquid propellant. The …

View Video Presentation: https://doi. org/10.2514/6.2023-0263. vid We review common
experimental techniques used in electrospray propulsion, including the direct measurement …

A low-cost time-of-flight mass spectrometer has been developed to characterize the plasma
plume resulting from pulsed laser ablation. In this paper, an ionic liquid ion source using EMI …