As the most commonly occurring cancer in women worldwide, breast cancer poses a
formidable public health challenge on a global scale. Breast cancer consists of a group of …

Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a protein kinase regulating cell growth, survival,
metabolism, and immunity. mTOR is usually assembled into several complexes such as …

Aging is a major risk factor for a number of chronic diseases, including neurodegenerative
and cerebrovascular disorders. Aging processes have therefore been discussed as potential …

Background Capivasertib (AZD5363) is a potent selective oral inhibitor of all three isoforms
of the serine/threonine kinase AKT. The FAKTION trial investigated whether the addition of …

The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway plays an integral role in many cellular
processes and is frequently altered in cancer, contributing to tumor growth and survival …

Anti-cancer cancer-targeted therapies are designed to exploit a particular vulnerability in the
tumor, which in most cases results from its dependence on an oncogene and/or loss of a …

Abstract Oestrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer is a major cause of cancer death
in women. Although aromatase inhibitors suppress the function of ER and reduce the risk of …

Purpose Cross-talk between signal transduction pathways likely contributes to hormone
resistance in metastatic breast cancer (mBC). Everolimus, an oral inhibitor of the mammalian …

Approximately 70% of invasive breast cancers have some degree of dependence on the
estrogen hormone for cell proliferation and growth. These tumors have estrogen and/or …

Endocrine therapies targeting oestrogen action (anti-oestrogens, such as tamoxifen, and
aromatase inhibitors) decrease mortality from breast cancer, but their efficacy is limited by …