Macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) is an evolutionarily conserved cellular
process capable of degrading various biological molecules (eg, protein, glycogen, lipids …

Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are primary multipotent cells capable of
differentiating into osteocytes, chondrocytes, and adipocytes when stimulated under …

Excessive iron has emerged in a large population of patients suffering from degenerative or
hematological diseases with a common outcome, osteoporosis. However, its underlying …

Iron overload as a highly risk factor, can be found in almost all human chronic and common
diseases. Iron chelators are often used to treat iron overload; however, patient adherence to …

Background Both the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and iron overload are
significant variables that enhance the incidence of photoreceptor cell death and retinal …

Melatonin is a neurohormone associated with sleep and wakefulness and is mainly
produced by the pineal gland. Numerous physiological functions of melatonin have been …

Iron overload is closely associated with osteoporosis, the potential cellular mechanism
involved in decreased osteoblast differentiation and increased osteoclast formation …

The protein alpha-synuclein (α-syn) is unusual because, depending on its conformation and
the type of cell in which it is expressed, it is pro-death or pro-survival, triggering …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are located in various tissues where these cells show
niche‐dependent multilineage differentiation and secrete immunomodulatory molecules to …

Osteoporosis is closely associated with the dysfunction of bone metabolism, which is caused
by the imbalance between new bone formation and bone resorption. Osteogenic …