Carbon is an essential element of life on earth. Since the evolution of mankind, human
beings have exerted a substantial impact on carbon distribution in the various geo-habitats …

Organic hazes can drastically impact the characterization and detection of exoplanet
atmospheres. We explore the effects of the transition from an anoxic to oxic atmosphere on …

Previous studies of haze formation in the atmosphere of the early Earth have focused on N
2/CO 2/CH 4 atmospheres. Here, we experimentally investigate the effect of O 2 on the …

The amount of nitrogen (N2) present in the atmosphere when life evolved on our planet is
central for understanding the production of prebiotic molecules and, hence, is a fundamental …

An ensemble is a collection of many similar things. It has been hypothesized that life could
have started with water filled vesicles formed from organic matter in meteorites, whose …

Atmospheric organic hazes are common in planetary bodies in our solar system and likely
exoplanet atmospheres as well. In addition, geochemical data support the existence of an …

Leben ist ein Phänomen fern vom thermodynamischen Gleichgewicht, und auch seine
Entstehung wurde vermutlich entscheidend von den vor etwa 4 Milliarden Jahren …

Microbial communities inhabit spaces in soils and rock from the surface extending deep into
Earth. Though these environments seem homogeneous, they record inherent complexity in …

Respiration is an ancient process, and a ubiquitous component of contemporary biospheric
metabolism. The respiratory rate, represents the activity of catabolic biochemical pathways. It …

The atmosphere, which envelops our planet with a layer of gases that supports life and
affects many activities, is an essential part of the Earth's system. This chapter discussed the …