Due to their high specificity toward the target and their low toxicity, biological drugs have
been successfully employed in a wide range of therapeutic areas. It is yet to be mentioned …

Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) can be broadly defined as relatively short synthetic, protein
derived or chimeric peptides. Their most remarkable property is their ability to cross cell …

Abstract Cell‐penetrating peptides (CPPs), first identified in HIV a few decades ago,
deserved great attention in the last two decades; especially to support the penetration of …

The development of effective cancer vaccines is an important direction in the area of cancer
immunotherapy. Although certain types of preventive cancer vaccines have already been …

Many therapeutic macromolecules must enter cells to take their action. However, their
treatment outcomes are often hampered by their poor transportation into target cells …

Bypassing the blood–brain barrier is one of the primary considerations when designing
compounds intended to function in the central nervous system (CNS). Intranasal (IN) …

Therapeutic proteins provided new opportunities for patients and high sales volumes.
However, they are formulated for extracellular targets. The lipophilic barrier of the plasma …

Membrane-active peptides have been extensively studied to probe protein–membrane
interactions, to act as antimicrobial agents and cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) for the …

Background: Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are wildly found in multiple species of
plants, bacteria and fungi. As a special family of protein toxins, RIPs can inhibit protein …

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) forms a flinty sheath around the brain and controls the entry of
most of the therapeutic agents especially the high molecular weight lipophilic and …