The T lymphocyte, especially its capacity for antigen-directed cytotoxicity, has become a
central focus for engaging the immune system in the fight against cancer. Basic science …

Therapeutic reinvigoration of tumor-specific T cells has greatly improved clinical outcome in
cancer. Nevertheless, many patients still do not achieve durable benefit. Recent evidence …

Cancer immunotherapies, including adoptive T cell transfer, can be ineffective because
tumors evolve to display antigen-loss-variant clones. Therapies that activate multiple …

In cancer, T cells become dysfunctional owing to persistent antigen exposure. Dysfunctional
T cells are characterized by reduced proliferative capacity, decreased effector function, and …

Despite the success of checkpoint blockade in some cancer patients, there is an unmet need
to improve outcomes. Targeting alternative pathways, such as costimulatory molecules (eg …

Antibodies targeting costimulatory receptors of T cells have been developed for the
activation of T cell immunity in cancer immunotherapy. However, costimulatory molecule …

Purpose: Antibodies specific for inhibitory checkpoints PD-1 and CTLA-4 have shown
impressive results against solid tumors. This has fueled interest in novel immunotherapy …

The discovery of both cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) and
programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) as negative regulators of antitumour immunity led to …

OX40 is a potent costimulatory receptor that can potentiate T-cell receptor signaling on the
surface of T lymphocytes, leading to their activation by a specifically recognized antigen. In …

Therapies targeting immune checkpoint molecules CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 have advanced
the field of cancer immunotherapy. New mAbs targeting different immune checkpoint …