While there is a growing debate among researchers and practitioners on the possible role of
central banks and financial regulators in supporting a smooth transition to a low-carbon …

This paper reviews recent research on the relationship between central bank policies and
inequality. A new paradigm which integrates sticky‐prices, incomplete markets, and …

Using a recent IMF survey and expanding on previous studies, we document the use of
macroprudential policies for 119 countries over the 2000–2013 period, covering many …

In recent years, policymakers have generally relied on macroprudential policies to address
financial stability concerns. However, our understanding of these policies and their efficacy …

We examine recent changes in monetary policy due to the financial crisis and ask whether
they are likely to be temporary or permanent. We present evidence from two original surveys …

The literature on the effectiveness of macroprudential policy tools is still in its infancy and
has so far provided only limited guidance for policy decisions. In recent years, however …

The sensitivities of the main global liquidity components, international loan and bond flows,
to global factors varied considerably over the past decade. The estimated sensitivity to US …

This study presents a composite index for assessing, quantifying, and comparing
international engagement based on evidence that countries have been globally committed …

The development of macroprudential policy tools has been one of the most significant
changes in banking regulation in recent years. In this multi-study initiative of the International …

Macroprudential policy is increasingly being implemented worldwide, and is mostly applied
to banks. A key question is whether this prompts substitution toward nonbank credit. Using …