The atmosphere of the Archean eon—one-third of Earth's history—is important for
understanding the evolution of our planet and Earth-like exoplanets. New geological proxies …

The glacial-interglacial transitions of ice ages are associated with large, rapid changes in
climate, which potentially can be reconstructed from stratigraphic profiles of the chemical …

Transient appearances of oxygen have been inferred before the Great Oxygenation Event
(GOE)[∼ 2.3 billion years (Ga) ago] based on redox-sensitive elements such as Mo and S …

The Archean Eon witnessed the production of early continental crust, the emergence of life,
and fundamental changes to the atmosphere. The nature of the first continental crust, which …

The rise of molecular oxygen (O2) in the atmosphere and oceans was one of the most
consequential changes in Earth's history. While most research focuses on the Great …

The composition of the fine-grained matrix of glacial diamictites from the Mesoarchean,
Paleoproterozoic, Neoproterozoic, and Paleozoic, collected from four modern continents …

Lithium isotopes are increasingly used to trace both present-day and past weathering
processes at the surface of the Earth, and could potentially be used to evaluate the average …

Porphyry ore deposits, Earth's most important resources of copper, molybdenum, and
rhenium, are strongly associated with felsic magmas showing signs of high-pressure …

The surfaces of rocky planets are mostly covered by basaltic crust, but Earth is unique in that
it also has extensive regions of felsic crust, manifested in the form of continents. Exactly how …

The transition from mafic to felsic upper continental crust (UCC) is crucial to habitability of
Earth, and may be related to the onset of plate tectonics. Thus, defining when this crustal …