Animal toxins acting on ion channels of excitable cells are principally highly potent short
peptides that are present in limited amounts in the venoms of various unrelated species …

The insects are a hyperdiverse class containing more species than all other animal groups
combined—and many employ venom to capture prey, deter predators and micro-organisms …

The piercing-sucking mouthparts of the true bugs (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera) have
allowed diversification from a plant-feeding ancestor into a wide range of trophic strategies …

Acid‐sensing ion channels (ASICs) are thought to be important ion channels, particularly for
the perception of pain. Some of them may also contribute to synaptic plasticity, learning, and …

Comprising of over a million described species of highly diverse invertebrates, Arthropoda is
amongst the most successful animal lineages to have colonized aerial, terrestrial, and …

Insect peptides are key elements of the innate immunity against bacteria and fungi. These
molecules offer remarkable properties: high efficacy, a low probability of resistance, limited …

The Om-toxins are short peptides (23–27 amino acids) purified from the venom of the
scorpion Opisthacanthus madagascariensis. Their pharmacological targets are thought to …

The Heteroptera are a diverse suborder of phytophagous, hematophagous, and
zoophagous insects. The shift to zoophagy can be traced back to the transformation of …

δ-Atracotoxins (δ-ACTX), isolated from the venom of Australian funnel-web spiders, are
responsible for the potentially lethal envenomation syndrome seen following funnel-web …

Assassin bug venoms are potent and exert diverse biological functions, making them
potential biomedical goldmines. Besides feeding functions on arthropods, assassin bugs …