In a departure from previous top-down or bottom-up strategies used to understand neuronal
circuits, many forward-looking research programs now place the circuit itself at their centre …

INTRODUCTION Electrode arrays based on complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
silicon fabrication technology, such as Neuropixels probes, have enabled recordings of …

Understanding the detailed dynamics of neuronal networks will require the simultaneous
measurement of spike trains from hundreds of neurons (or more). Currently, approaches to …

The basal ganglia are implicated in a remarkable range of functions influencing emotion and
cognition as well as motor behavior. Current models of basal ganglia function hypothesize …

Neurons in the nervous system can change their functional properties over time. At present,
there are no techniques that allow reliable monitoring of changes within identified neurons …

Sensory neuroscience seeks to understand how the brain encodes natural environments.
However, neural coding has largely been studied using simplified stimuli. In order to assess …

Addressing how neural circuits underlie behavior is routinely done by measuring electrical
activity from single neurons in experimental sessions. While such recordings yield …

Cortical representations of visual information are modified by an animal's visual experience.
To investigate the mechanisms in mice, we replaced the coding part of the neural activity …

Persistence in the face of failure helps to overcome challenges. But the ability to adjust
behavior or even give up when the task is uncontrollable has advantages. How the …

Neural activity spans multiple time scales, from milliseconds to months. Its evolution can be
recorded with chronic high-density arrays such as Neuropixels probes, which can measure …